In 1987, Thomas Knoll began writing graphics code on his Apple Macintosh Plus to assist in his Ph.D. work on digital images. Perhaps inspired by their father's darkroom in the basement, Thomas and his brother John united their efforts into an application called "Display," which was later refined to "ImagePro." The latter was bundled with BarneyScan's slide scanner until a deal was struck with Adobe; version 1 of Photoshop was released by Adobe in 1990. The latest version, CS2, was released in 2005.
One of the earliest programs to assist in the preparation of images for the Internet, Photoshop has revolutionized the computer graphics and photography profession. Especially in the commercial and amateur realms, many photographers now take, work with, and produce exclusively digital images.
Andrew Epstein has been a member of the PRC Board of Directors since 1986, and served as President from 1990 to 1995. During his first month as President, he successfully helped to defend the PRC when a criminal complaint for obscenity was filed in court seeking to close the popular but controversial exhibition, The Emperor's New Clothes (1990).
Specializing in copyright and contract law and litigation, Epstein practices law at Barker, Epstein & Loscocco (Boston, MA), where he represents design and image professionals including hundreds of commercial and fine art photographers, artists, and arts organizations. He received both his BA and JD from Boston University, where he also teaches in the Graduate Arts Administration Program. Epstein was honored as the first recipient of the Attorney of the Year Award by the Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts of Massachusetts. An avid photographer, Epstein collects photography, American antiques, and in particular, Shaker furniture. He is currently involved in an ongoing pro-bono case to preserve a large site-specific sculpture at a corporate park in the Boston's Seaport district.
